Anti-inflammatory effect of L-cysteine (a semi-essential amino acid) on 5-FU-induced oral mucositis in hamsters.

Oral mucositis is an inflammation of the oral mucosa mainly resulting from the cytotoxic effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The literature shows anti-inflammatory action of L-cysteine (L-cys) involving hydrogen sulfide (H2S). In view of these properties, we investigate the effect of L-cys in oral mucositis induced by 5-FU in hamsters. The animals were divided into the following groups: saline 0.9%, mechanical trauma, 5-FU 60-40 mg/kg, L-cys 10/40 mg and NaHS 27 µg/kg. 5-FU was administered on days 1st to 2nd; 4th day excoriations were made on the mucosa; 5th-6th received L-cys and NaHS. For data analysis, histological analyses, mast cell count, inflammatory and antioxidants markers, and immunohistochemistry (cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOs)/H2S) were performed. Results showed that L-cys decreased levels of inflammatory markers, mast cells, levels of COX-2, iNOS and increased levels of antioxidants markers and H2S when compared to the group 5-FU (p < 0.005). It is suggested that L-cys increases the H2S production with anti-inflammatory action in the 5-FU lesion.

Electroacupuncture Reduces Inflammation but Not Bone Loss on Periodontitis in Arthritic Rats.

Periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are inflammatory diseases characterized by chronic inflammation and bone erosion. Electroacupuncture (EA) shows anti-inflammatory and anti-resorptive effects in experimental periodontitis (EP) and in RA. It is important to investigate whether EA shows these effects in periodontal tissues in the presence of these two inflammatory diseases or not. For this, Wistar rats were divided into six groups: control (C); experimental rheumatoid arthritis (RA; bovine type II collagen-induced (CII)); experimental periodontitis (EP); RA/EP (RA + EP); EP/EA (EP treated with EA); RA/EP/EA (RA + EP treated with EA). EP was induced 21 days after RA induction and EA was performed previously and during the EP induction period, every 3 days until the 36th experimental day. The rats were euthanized on day 39. RA was evaluated by edema and the withdrawal threshold of hind paws. The maxillae were removed, and alveolar bone loss (ABL) and bone radiographic density (BRD) were evaluated. Immunohistochemical analyses for interleukins (IL)-6 and -17 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB were performed. Our results showed that EA reduced only the pain intensity in arthritic rats. Histomorphometric, macroscopic, and radiographic analyses did not show differences between the control and EP/EA groups. EA caused a reduction in ABL and BRD only in the presence of EP. EA caused a reduction in IL-6 and -17 in all groups, but NF-κB was only reduced in the arthritic rats with EP. In conclusion, EA reduced the inflammation related to periodontitis in arthritic rats but did not prevent ABL.

Effect of norbixin-based poly(hydroxybutyrate) membranes on the tendon repair process after tenotomy in rats.

PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of norbixin-based poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) membranes for Achilles tendon repair. METHODS: Thirty rats were submitted to total tenotomy surgery of the right Achilles tendon and divided into two groups (control and membrane; n = 15 each), which were further subdivided into three subgroups (days 7, 14, and 21; n = 5 each). Samples were analyzed histologically. RESULTS: Histological analysis showed a significant reduction in inflammatory infiltrates on days 7, 14 (p < 0.0001 for both), and 21 (p = 0.0004) in the membrane group compared to that in the control group. There was also a significant decrease in the number of fibroblasts in the control group on days 7, 14 (p < 0.0001), and 21 (p = 0.0032). Further, an increase in type I collagen deposition was observed in the membrane group compared to that in the control group on days 7 (p = 0.0133) and 14 (p = 0.0107). CONCLUSION: Treatment with norbixin-based PHB membranes reduces the inflammatory response, increases fibroblast proliferation, and improves collagen production in the tendon repair region, especially between days 7 and 14.

Effect of norbixin-based poly(hydroxybutyrate) membranes on the tendon repair process after tenotomy in rats

Abstract Purpose: To determine the efficacy of norbixin-based poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) membranes for Achilles tendon repair. Methods: Thirty rats were submitted to total tenotomy surgery of the right Achilles tendon and divided into two groups (control and membrane; n = 15 each), which were further subdivided into three subgroups (days 7, 14, and 21; n = 5 each). Samples were analyzed histologically. Results: Histological analysis showed a significant reduction in inflammatory infiltrates on days 7, 14 (p < 0.0001 for both), and 21 (p = 0.0004) in the membrane group compared to that in the control group. There was also a significant decrease in the number of fibroblasts in the control group on days 7, 14 (p < 0.0001), and 21 (p = 0.0032). Further, an increase in type I collagen deposition was observed in the membrane group compared to that in the control group on days 7 (p = 0.0133) and 14 (p = 0.0107). Conclusion: Treatment with norbixin-based PHB membranes reduces the inflammatory response, increases fibroblast proliferation, and improves collagen production in the tendon repair region, especially between days 7 and 14.

Efeitos da fotobiomodulação nas alterações extrapulmonares ocasionadas pelo enfisema experimental em rattus norvegicus / Effect of photobiomodulation in extrapulmonary changes caused by experimental emphysema in rattus norvegicus

O enfisema pulmonar é um processo inflamatório pulmonar e tem repercussões extrapulmonares. Os objetivos desta pesquisa são investigar os efeitos da fotobiomodulação nas alterações extrapulmonares. Foram selecionados 24 ratos, divididos em três grupos de 8 animais: grupo controle (GC: recebeu apenas solução salina); grupo DPOC (GD: instilação de papaína 2 mg/kg); grupo DPOC + laser (GDL: instilação de papaína + 15 dias de laserterapia). Para análise dos dados foi coletado e observado: CKMB, LBA, Histologia (análise morfométrica) e espessura das câmaras cardíacas (análise morfométrica), respectivamente. Houve diminuição no número de células inflamatórias no LBA do GDL (p < 0,05) quando comparado com GC e GD; aumento dos níveis de CKMB no grupo GD (p < 0,05); e diminuição significativa no GDL (p = 0,0009) quando comparado com o GD, hipertrofia ventricular esquerda (p < 0,05) no grupo GD e GDL quando comparado com controle. A fotobiomodulação diminui a liberação de células inflamatórias responsáveis pela liberação do CKMB na corrente sanguínea, diminuindo assim os níveis de CKMB e reduzindo os riscos de infarto do miocárdio.

Lung emphysema is a pulmonary inflammatory process, with extrapulmonary repercussions. Twenty-four rats were selected and divided into three groups with eight animals each: control (GC: received only saline solution); group DPOC (GD: with instillation of papaya proteinase 2 mg/kg); group DPOC + laser (GDL: with instillation of papaya proteinase + 15 days of laser therapy). Data analysis comprised: CKMB, LBA, Histology (morphometric analysis) and thickness of the cardiac chambers (morphometric analysis), respectively. The number of inflammatory cells in LBA of GDL decreased (p < 0.05) when compared with GC and GD; there was an increase in CKMB levels in group GD (p < 0.05); significant decrease in GDL (p = 0.0009) when compared to GD, left ventricle hypertrophy (p < 0.05) in group GD and GDL when compared to control. Photobiomodulation decreased the release of inflammatory cells by the release of CKMB in the blood and decreased CKMB levels and reduced myocardial infarction risks.